Overview
Vitalius chromatus, previously classified as Nhandu chromatus, is a species of tarantula belonging to the family Theraphosidae. This species is native to Brazil, specifically the northeastern state of Piaui. Recognized for its striking appearance and behavior, V. chromatus has become a subject of interest among arachnologists and tarantula enthusiasts alike.
Natural History
V. chromatus can grow up to 7 cm (approximately 2.75 inches) in size. This species is primarily ground-dwelling and exhibits opportunistic behavior in its natural habitat. It often occupies abandoned burrows, root tunnels, or areas beneath trees. The average daytime temperatures in Piaui exceed 30°C (86°F) and can reach up to 37°C (98.6°F) during dry seasons, while nighttime temperatures rarely drop below 20°C (68°F). Rainfall is sparse from June to October, with precipitation occurring only 1-4 days on average during this period.
In captivity, V. chromatus requires a terrarium with a substrate depth of at least 10 cm (about 4 inches) to accommodate its burrowing habits. Optimal humidity levels range from 60-80%, with daytime temperatures around 28°C (82°F) and nighttime temperatures around 22°C (72°F).
Taxonomy & Systematics
V. chromatus was first described by Schmidt in 2004. In 2023, a taxonomic revision by Rogerio Bertani led to the reclassification of this species from the genus Nhandu to its current genus, Vitalius. This change was based on a cladistic analysis that identified V. chromatus as lacking certain characteristics typical of the Nhandu genus. The species is now recognized as part of a monophyletic clade with other species in the Vitalius genus, sharing similar geographic distributions and color patterns.
Husbandry
When keeping V. chromatus in captivity, it is essential to provide a suitable environment that mimics its natural habitat. The terrarium should be at least 40x30x30 cm (approximately 16x12x12 inches) in size and filled with a substrate that allows for burrowing, such as potting soil. It is advisable to include hiding spots like cork bark or roots to make the spider feel secure.
The diet of V. chromatus is diverse, consisting of insects of various sizes, and occasionally small rodents or lizards. A balanced and varied diet is crucial for their health. Handling this species requires caution, as they can display defensive behaviors, including the use of urticating hairs and biting when threatened. A long pair of tweezers is recommended for safe handling.
Breeding V. chromatus is relatively straightforward, though females may exhibit aggressive behavior towards males. Successful mating can lead to the female producing an egg sac within 1-2 months, with an incubation period of about 8 weeks. Egg sacs typically contain between 500 and 700 spiderlings, which are small but hardy and can be raised in containers like film canisters.
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References
- Bertani, R. (2023b). Taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of Lasiodora C. L. Koch, 1850 (Araneae, Theraphosidae) with notes on related genera. Zootaxa 5390(1): 1-116.
- Schmidt, G. (2004b). Der Doppelgänger von Acanthoscurria geniculata (C.L. Koch, 1841) heist Nhandu chromatus sp. n. Tarantulas of the World 92: 6-11.
- Peters, H.-J. (2005b). Tarantulas of the world: Kleiner Atlas der Vogelspinnen – Band 3. Published by the author.
For more detailed information, visit the World Spider Catalog.
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